Lesson 2 - NOUNS -

The digraph (digramma) is a sound (phoneme - fonema) formed by two letters (graphemes - grafemi).

  

The parts of the discourse 

variables (adjectives, articles, nouns, pronouns, verbs)

variabili (aggettivi, articoli, nomi, pronomi, verbi)

 
invariable (adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, exclamation)

invariabili (avverbi, congiunzioni, preposizioni, esclamazione)

THE NOUNS

(I NOMI)

Any type of word can act as a name and have the function of the subject.

The name or noun is the part of speech that is used to denote a person, animal, thing, idea or feeling.

There are COMMON NAMES - NOMI COMUNI (to indicate persons, animals or things) and OWN NAMES - NOMI PROPRI (to indicate persons, animals or things).
There are also GROUP NAMES - NOMI COLLETTIVI.

Names can be classified into concrete or abstract, both male and female, both singular and plural in number.

The defective (difettivi) names: those who have only the plural form, or who have only the singular form.

The redundant (sovrabbondanti) names: those that have a double plural, one male and one female, each with a different meaning.

Original Name 

Nome Primitivo

1. name derived (nome derivato)
recall all the way from the original name, but they express, each its own meaning

  

TERRA = terr + a  

it means LAND

TERRENO = terr + eno

 it means GROUND

2. compound name (nome composto)

CAPO + TRENO = CAPOTRENO

head + train = CONDUCTOR (only of trains in Capotreno)

3. mangled name (nome alterato)Mangled names express the extra information (a "judgment") compared to the original name from which they originated. 

  

From RAGAZZO = BOY  (Original Name: Ragazz-)

- accretive (ragazzone = big boy)
 

- diminutive (ragazzino = little boy)
 

- term of endearment (ragazzuolo = sounds like little boy but the real mean depend from the context)
 

- derogatory (or pejorative) (ragazzaccio = bad boy)

Lesson 1 - Communication -

A phrase (frase) has a meaning only if the words in the same sentence are arranged in a logical order and if  it is observed the right punctuation.

A message (messaggio) is a linguistic act (atto linguistico) used to achieve an objective.

The main purpose of the communication are:

-expressing emotions, moods and sensation (or feelings) (eprimere emozioni, stati d'animo e senzazioni)
-asking (chiedere)
-informing (informare)
-telling (raccontare)
-persuading to do something (convincere a fare qualcosa)
-ordering (ordinare)

Talking to someone is to make a choice of language.
If you talk to a person with whom you have confidence, you use a confidential tone (tono formale), as if speaking to a person who is authoritative you use a formal tone (tono confidenziale).

  

Elements of Communication:

(Elementi della Comunicazione)

issuer - the speaker
emittente - l'oratore
  
receiver - the listener
ricevitore - l'ascoltatore

 message - what is said
messaggio - ciò che viene detto

 code - the language
codice - la lingua

 channel - communication methods (written, verbal ...)
canale - i mezzi di comunicazione (scritta, verbale ...)

 deferent - what we talk about
deferente - di cosa parliamo

The way we communicate and express ourselves depends on our intention, that is the purpose we wish to reach.

Basically we have two types of objective: the real purpose (scopo reale) (when the message coincides with the deferent), or the apparent purpose (scopo apparente) (when the message does not refer to the deferent).

To complete the first lesson, we talk about syntax (sintassi).

A logical statement is formed, in it's basic form, to: subject (soggetto) (of whom you speak?) And the predicate (predicato) (what is said?).
Any type of word can act as a noun (sostantivo) and having the function of subject. The predicate is a verb (verbo) that agrees with the subject.

Indeed, we will discuss further, the verbs are conjugated (coniugati) in Italian:
The verbs have multiple forms, each of which is used to express a different approach of the speaker in relation to the listener through the modes (modi).

All Apologies

I am not an italian teacher and my knowledge about english is not as good as it seems.
Anyway I found a lots of people interested in learning this language, that's the reason why I'm here trying to teach you what I know about italian.

I really hope you can find interesting my lessons and I would like to be corrected any time I will be wrong and that means I'd like to be corrected in both languages the english even in the italian.

At last my greatest apologies for my pronunciation: I know I am wrong in italian because of my regional accents, so I think my english speech will be altered for the same reason.

That's all folks, see you at the first lesson!