Lesson 6 - EXCLAMATIONS and ADVERBS

EXCLAMATIONS (Esclamazioni)- invariable part of speech

It expresses a particular emotional attitude of the speaker, in a concise way. The interjection is generally followed by an exclamation point, which underscores the emphasis and immediacy.
According to the shape, interjections are divided into:

Proper (proprie): if they have only a function of interjection  (Ah, eh, oh, boh!, alas!) (ah!, eh!, oh!, boh!, ahimè!);

Improper (improprie): if they include other parts of speech used as interjection (shut up!, too bad!, shoot, monster!)  (zitto!, peccato!, cavolo!, mostro!);

Phrases Interiettive (locuzioni interiettive): if formed by groups of separate words (my God, for God's sake, damn it!, poor me!, fire!, thief!) (mio Dio!, per amor del cielo!, porca miseria!, povero me!, al fuoco!, al ladro!).

  ADVERBS (Avverbi)- invariable part of speech


Used to change the meaning of those words which is accompanied to.
Are considered adverbs also adverb phrases or expressions consisting of several words, which have the meaning of an adverb (as always, in the end, carelessly, of course, up in the blink of an eye, when, etc. ) (di sempre, in fondo, alla carlona, di certo, in su, in un batter d'occhio, da quando, ecc.).

Adverbs of manner (qualifiers) [avverbi di modo (qualificativi)] indicate the manner in which the action is performed. Are adverbs like this:



those formed by adding the suffix "-mente" to the feminine form of an adjective (quickly, softly) (velocemente, morbidamente);
those formed by adding the suffix "-oni" at the root of a noun or a verb (face down, dangling) (bocconi, ciondoloni);
those that have the same form of some adjectives in the masculine singular (fair, strong, tall) (giusto, forte, alto);

good, bad, almost happy, as well, that is, only, unfortunately, slow, fast, fast, floor, too, of course, in a hurry (adverb) - bene, male, quasi, volentieri, come, così, cioè, soltanto, purtroppo, lento, veloce, velocemente, piano, troppo, certo, in fretta e furia (locuzione avverbiale)

Adverbs of time - Avverbi di tempo
Ancora, ora, mai, sempre, prima, dopo, ieri, oggi, domani, subito, presto, frequentemente, spesso...
Yet, now, never, ever, before, after, yesterday, today, tomorrow, soon, soon, often, often ...

Adverbs of place - Avverbi di luogo
Lì, là, qui, qua, giù, su, laggiù, lassù, davanti, dietro, sopra, sotto, dentro, fuori, altrove, intorno, ci, vi, ecc.
There, there, here, here, down, up, down, up there, in front, behind, above, below, inside, outside, elsewhere, around, there, there, etc..

Adverbs of quantity - Avverbi di quantità
Poco, molto, tanto, più, meno, parecchio, appena, abbastanza, troppo, assai, quasi, per lo più, piuttosto, quanto, ecc.
Shortly, much, much, more, less, long, slightly, enough, too, much, almost, for the most part, rather, what, etc..

Adverbs evaluation - Avverbi di valutazione 
Purtroppo, giustamente, fortunatamente, stranamente, ecc.
Unfortunately, quite rightly, fortunately, strangely, etc..

Among these are distinguished:
_Adverbs opinativi (opinativi): expressing an opinion;
_Adverbs of affirmation or certainty (affermazione o certezza):  Yes, exactly, certainly, of course, really, sure, surely, in fact, own, etc. (Sì, esattamente, certamente, certo, davvero, sicuro, sicuramente, appunto, proprio, ecc..);
_Adverbs of negation (negazione): no, not, nor, even, even, even, at all, etc. (no, non, né, neppure, neanche, nemmeno, affatto, ecc..);
_Adverbs of doubt or skeptical (dubbi o dubitativi): if, maybe, maybe, maybe, probably, possibly, etc. (se, forse, magari, chissà, probabilmente, eventualmente, ecc..).

Interrogative adverbs and exclamation (Interrogativi ed Esclamativi)
come, dove, quando, quanto, perché, ecc.how, where, when, how, why, etc..

Adverbs indicative (indicativi)
proprio, ecco (eccoti, eccolo...)
own, here are (there you are, here it comes ...)

Adverbs of similarity (di somiglianza)
come, tipo, ecc.
as, type, etc..

It is very easy to confuse adverbs and prepositions with adjectives with pronouns and conjunctions. To distinguish them, just follow this reasoning:

Adjectives always accompany a noun and agree in gender and number with that, no adverbs. So, in the sentence "Ho molta fame" (I'm very hungry) the word MOLTA (very) is an adjective (because it is related to the noun "fame" (hungry) and because there is a correlation), while in the phrase "Ho studiato molto" (I studied a lot) MOLTO (a lot) is an adverb (refers to a verb).

Conjunctions always connect two elements, while adverbs refer to just one. In the sentence "Faremo come vuoi" (We will do as you will) the word COME (as) is a conjunction because it combines the phrases "(noi) faremo" and "(tu) vuoi" ["(we) do it" and "(you) want"]. In the sentence "Come è buffo questo ritratto!" (How is this funny picture!), the word  COME don't connects two elements: In fact, it is an esclamative adverb.

Prepositions always introduce a noun or a pronoun or a proposition. For example, in "Sopra l'armadio c'è una scatola" (Above the closet there is a box) the word SOPRA (above) is a preposition, because it introduces the closet. Instead, in "Guarda l'armadio: sopra c'è una scatola" "Watch the closet: Above is a box", the word SOPRA not introduce any term, so it is an adverb. 

Particles ci, vi and ne could be pronouns or adverbs of place. When they indicate a statying in a place or a movement from place, are adverbs ("Ci sono venti regioni in Italia", "Aprì la scatola e ne uscì solo polvere") ("There are twenty regions in Italy", "He opened the box and came out just dust"), in other cases, they are pronouns ("Vi dirò i nostri propositi più tardi", "Arrivò la carestia e molte persone ne morirono") ("I will tell our purposes later" , "came the famine and many people died.").
extracted and integrated from wikipedia